The Purpose of Collection Development

Hello Everyone!

When one stops and think about it, the purpose of the library and collection development are tightly intertwined. If a library is located in a botanical garden, for instance, with its purpose being research on botany, then its collection development strategies will focus on botanical materials in different formats and ignore information regarding other topics, such as Shakespeare’s sonnets. Similarly on a smaller scale, Disher (2014) stated “books on the library’s shelves…share a common purpose,” so the role of the collection developer, “therefore, is to collect items that illustrate to the community that a unifying purpose or goal prevails” (p. 1). The community’s needs and interests fuel the purpose of the library, since “public libraries exist for the communities they serve” (Disher, p. 4), which resultantly informs the work of collection developers.

Huynh did a fantastic job providing an overview tracing the history of book selection from the early 1900s to what we now know today as collection development. I found the comparisons of such categories as philosophy, selection, and evaluation to be quite helpful in seeing the shift in thinking over the years. One particular statement struck me as corroborative of my views on the linking of library purpose with collection development, in that Huynh (2004) declares that “the collection development philosophy is heavily dependent upon the purpose of the libraries” (p. 31), so it follows that what items are purchased and made available fluctuate while the purpose “has swung like a pendulum, from educating to entertaining or ‘edutaining’ the public” throughout the decades (as cited in Huynh, p. 31). The current trend regarding collections and services for public libraries “heavily leans towards public demand” (Huynh, p. 19), evident in Woodward’s goal for libraries to morph into bookstores, driven by evaluating circulation rates and responding to customer demands (as cited in Huynh, p. 36-37). As Huynh points out this customer-driven model illustrates how quickly perspective of what is important enough to last beyond popular culture fads and “raison d’être” (p. 31), that is “reason or justification for existence” (Merriam-Webster, n.d.), can be lost. Without a balance of reason coming from clearly delineated purpose, as well as collection development policies and procedures, libraries will not be able to handle the stressful expectations society places on them. “Instead of being many things to all, should public libraries strive to be a few things to some?”  (Huynh, p. 31).

 

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

PS. This was originally written in INFO 5040: Developing Library Collections during Summer 2023.

References

Disher, W. (2014). Crash course in collection development. Westport: Libraries Unlimited.

Huynh, A. (2004). Background essay on collection development, evaluation, and management for public libraries. Current Studies in Librarianship, 28(1/2), 19–37.

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Raison d’être. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved May 11, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/raison%20d%27%C3%AAtre

 

Reflections on using TinyCat and Wix

Salutations!

For my INFO 5410 Integrated Technologies in Libraries course during Spring 2023, I was tasked with various product reviews and mini-research projects dealing with several aspects of library technology that made me quite happy that I truly need to know out in the real world is the email address of my library’s IT department when something happens in the Reference and/or Children’s departments and not that I have to be fixing such things myself.

Two of the assignments I am most pleased with my work are:

Hopefully my reflections on these two technology products and their usability for those of us in library work who are not IT computer people will be useful.

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

Sense of Purpose, Peace, and Professionalism

Salutations!

Among the myriad of important things I gleaned from INFO 5000: Introduction to Information Professions in Fall 2022, the top 3 things are as follows. I really felt like I had grown so much both academically and and professionally in my understanding of LIS during this course.

  1. I found a sense of purpose in Rubin and Rubin’s (2020) detailed discussion of the library’s basic organizational structure (p. 71), since it highlights the vastness of the profession I’ve chosen to enter. The organization, broken into three categories of User services, Technical services, and Support services (Rubin & Rubin, p. 71) which, regardless of type of library being analyzed, provide numerous employment opportunities for many different individuals, whether or not they are in the field of librarianship, such as IT, HR, and personnel facilities maintenance, and security (pp. 76-77). Libraries can be highly important in the communities they serve, beyond merely the patrons and librarians who interact around materials.
  2. I found a sense of peace on all the different types of libraries expounded upon in the textbook, since it helped me over some of my guilty feelings from my choice to switch decidedly from the role of school library media specialist to anything else library-related when beginning this MSLIS program this past January [of 2022]. I now see more clearly and firmly that the switch has nothing to do with my supposed “failure” in one realm of library, as I wrongly thought; rather, it is my adventurous nature and the ability to see all the open doors this degree will offer that I want to try out in my professional life; there are so many different types of libraries and different roles within those organizations that it will become merely a question of what do I want to do for the present season, not “here’s what I am duty-bound to do for the rest of my career, whether I love it or not.”
  3. I found a sense of professionalism through the coursework that helped me grow in my evaluative skills when it comes to scholarly sources and forced me to think about aspects of librarianship as a profession that I had previously considered; before this class, neither I had considered what impact one important LIS figure can have on today’s practices, nor had I even thought about the various men and women responsible for great strides in our profession, often by merely doing their jobs to the best of their abilities and becoming famous in the process inadvertently. As Shakespeare (1601/1988) penned in Twelfth Night, “ ‘Be not afraid of greatness’– ’twas well writ. / ‘Some are born great’ – /  ‘Some achieve greatness’ – / ‘And some have greatness thrust upon them.’ ” (3.4.37, 39, 41, 43).

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

References:

Rubin, R. E. & Rubin, R. G. (2020). Foundations of library and information science (5th ed.). ALA Neal-Schuman.

Shakespeare, W. (1601/1988). Twelfth night, or what you will. (S. Wells & G. Taylor, Eds.). (Compact Edition). (Original work published 1601)

Books Filled with Culture, Education, and Pleasure: WPA Library Services Across the US

Salutations!

During the Final Research Project for my INFO 5000 Introduction to Information Professions, I felt like I was working in a mini-thesis and thoroughly enjoyed myself since I was getting to delve into a historical aspect of librarianship that has long fascinated me – packhorse librarians in my native Kentucky in the 1930s – and even broaden my originally narrow topic to see the vast assistance afforded libraries during the Great Depression by the WPA.

Aside from a meticulously-written paper, I turned my extensive research into a narrated PowerPoint presentation entitled “Books Filled with Culture, Education, and Pleasure: WPA Library Services Across the US.” Here is the link to the resultant YouTube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeL03PEhGys. Enjoy!

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

Stereotypes: What do The Pagemaster, Dr. Abigail Chase, and Larry Daly all have in common?

Salutations!

Most are likely well aware of the pervading “librarian stereotype,” — middle-aged female with graying hair in a tidy (or messy) bun wearing glasses and cardigan who owns cats — and I, for one, feel completely at home embracing and embodying most of the perception of the LIS profession nowadays, with the exception of “crazy cat lady” being a synonym of “librarian” since I’m a dog kind of gal. Glasses used to be part of my “librarian” persona complete with neck chain and hair in a bun; cardigans will forever be my superhero cape.

To my knowledge, there is not a stereotype for “information scientist” that has to do with gender, physical appearance, personality, and habits. The first mental picture that comes to mind when I think of the term “information scientist” is a combo deal of Doc Brown from the Back to the Future trilogy in the 1980s and Mr. Dewey the librarian-turned-pagemaster from The Pagemaster movie in the 1990s. Great Scott! I just keep seeing Christopher Lloyd in my mind’s eye. It seems ironic to me that gender roles in librarianship began as male-dominated where “bookmen” worked in sophisticated academic institutions “because they were scholars, not custodians” (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, 2020, p. 272) in the middle of the nineteenth century and completely morphed into a profession dominated by females, so much so that Garrison was quoted as referring to nineteenth-century librarians as “tender technicians,” because “women occupied professions distinguished by their nurturing characteristics… librarianship among them” (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, p. 541). I think Garrison must have been alluding to the late nineteenth-century or even the twentieth-century, due to the fact Rubin and Rubin point out, that by 1919, out of the fifteen library education programs in the country, ten had been founded by women (p. 278), with the majority of students in such programs at the time being women. 

I also find it interestingly doubtful that Stauffer’s masculine model in LIS schools is discussed as still existing today, having roots in the dominant cultural view of Dewey’s day, notably “a distinct separation between the appropriate work for males (leadership, administration, bibliography) and females (routine clerical duties and nurturing functions such as children’s work)” (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, p. 276). The gender pay gap specifically does not seem to play a role in the librarian and information scientist stereotypes; Rubin and Rubin reported on a 2014 Library Journal salary survey which declared “women made 89 cents for every dollar made by men” generally in different positions across library types (p. 310), while “data from 2017 showed that women were paid less in systems, web development, and programmer positions but had a slight advantage in digital acquisitions and digital curatorial positions” (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, p. 310).

The stereotypes regarding archivists and museum workers that spring to mind also come from the entertainment industry; they are either highly intelligent and sophisticated consistently like historian-cryptologist Dr. Benjamin Gates and archivist Dr. Abigail Chase in the National Treasure movies or extremely bumbling and inept, at least at the onset, like the night watchman Larry Daley in the Night at the Museum movies. Honestly, I think I watch too many bookish or library-themed movies and absorb them way too easily; I find myself actually adding bits of different characters I admire or connect with on some level into my personality and modus operandi, sometimes even my speech pattern, which one of my work-friends finds hilarious. I’m totally going to make a librarian meme someday with solely film/TV librarian images that are important to me in the style of the “What My Friends Think I Do” memes.

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

Reference: Rubin, R. E. & Rubin, R. G. (2020). Foundations of library and information science (5th ed.). ALA Neal-Schuman.

*Telephone ringing* Reference department, Miss Tyler.

Salutations!

One of the assignments for INFO 5000 Introduction to Information Professions in Fall 2022 tasked me with researching a professional specialization within the multifaceted world of librarianship. The assignment opened my eyes to the uniqueness of the LIS profession as a whole, from an association-level, and introduced me to a whole sub-section I honestly wasn’t aware even existed as a unique organization of like-minded professionals. I chose the Reference & User Services Association [RUSA] (2009), a division of ALA, that identifies itself as “a network to educate, empower, and inspire its members to advance the evolution of the profession and better serve users in a continuously changing information society” (para. 1); its members are primarily LIS professionals typically in “Reference Librarian” positions or equivalents. Among a plethora of things I learned about the association, I appreciated the fact that RUSA (2006) undertook in its bylaws the responsibility to “[stimulate and support] excellence in the delivery of … reference and information services, readers’ advisory, collections development, and resource sharing for all ages, in every type of library” (para. 2).

After completing this report, my ideas about possible career directions have changed slightly, yet this process has also reinforced existing ideas I held about my LIS career. So, short answer: yes and no, which might seem quite non-committal. Let me explain, though, with a flashback that has a movie tie-in.

Story time! Ever since I first watched it as a little girl annually around Christmas time with my mom, one of my favorite librarian films is Desk Set, which revolves around the reference department of a broadcasting company in New York City’s glitzy Rockefeller Center (Lang, 1957) run by four intelligent, funny, mature, sophisticated women with amazing wardrobes. In childhood, I considered them to be cinematic representations of “real librarians,” and this movie sparked a resultant keen interest in reference work before I could articulate the specifics. I merely liked how intelligent the women were, how they had whole passages of books memorized, and could answer any question posed to them with some research time, while totally loving the chic 1950s styles. I formed a naïve assumption that Bunny Watson and her staff were synonymous with all of librarianship that I considered “genuine,” which for a long time meant practically anything library-ish outside my limited experience in elementary school library media centers. Honestly, I didn’t consider myself a “genuine librarian” when I was teaching K-5 library lessons; there are days even now, when I still don’t deem that time “true librarianship,” due to the confines and stress I faced. Still, at times, unpacking that mental baggage.

Anyway…I’ve since grown up some in my views on librarianship… a bit; this MSLIS program, and particularly the professional specialization report project, has illuminated my understanding to realize Reference is simply one concentration among many; interestingly, the iconic film of my childhood was mentioned in one of my LIS textbooks as containing many examples of ready-reference service (Wong & Saunders, 2020, p. 14), which I took as rather a divine nod of approval that I am presently pursuing the proper educational path for myself, and I will likely someday specialize in the reference area of librarianship, at least for a portion of my future LIS career. Even prior to this specialization report, I had begun negotiating a shift in my department affiliation at my public library, wanting to increasingly work in Reference upstairs, compared to Children’s downstairs; as of today, my schedule will be updated to reflect training in Reference in early December 2022 before taking a Monday evening shift consistently, with the hope that more Reference shifts will open so I can formally swap out those for existing Children’s shifts in my schedule.

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

PS. One of my favorite parts of Desk Set is where librarian Sylvia Blair answers the telephone and has this one-sided conversation: “Reference department, Miss Blair. [Pause.] Oh, yes, we’ve looked that up for you, and there are certain poisons which leave no trace, but it’s network policy not to mention them on our programs” (Lang, 1957).  She is so polite yet firm on library policy that such information cannot be given out over the phone.

PPS. Ruthie Saylor, the newest member of the team, usually end the calls with “You’re welcome. Call us anytime” (Lang, 1957), which I find myself doing on the phone at the library!

References:

Lang, W. (Director). (1957). Desk set [Film]. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp.

Reference & User Services Association. (2006, July 7). Our bylaws. https://www.ala.org/rusa/about/strategic-priorities/bylaws

Reference & User Services Association. (2019, August 14). About RUSA. https://www.ala.org/rusa/about

Wong, M. A. & Saunders, L. (2020). Reference and information services: An introduction. (6th ed.). Libraries Unlimited.

Ranganathan: India’s World Librarian

Salutations!

One of the assignments for INFO 5000 Introduction to Information Professions in Fall 2022 tasked me with researching an individual who was important in some way to the furtherance of librarianship. I initially wanted to research Henriette Arvam — she was nicknamed “the mother of MARC records,” and you can read here about her life and work on the LC blog around her death in 2006, reposing what The Washington Post published, likely as her obituary — yet I ended up choosing S. R. Ranganathan, named “India’s World Librarian.” Below is the TL;DR highlights of the essay I wrote.

S. R. Ranganathan was a self-made mathematics professor in India who became globally-renowned as “a library scientist par excellence” (Babu, 2011, p. 254); his vast contributions to the LIS theories and practices in our field included promoting library legislation in his home country, single-handedly developing the colon scheme of classification (Satyanarayana, 2015, p. 206), and penning numerous library science books and pamphlets, among which stand five pithy statements as the bedrock of librarianship (Mitchell, 2008, p. 2). In his seminal book, Ranganathan (1931) detailed exhaustively, through his inimitable linguistic style, his five laws of librarianship, namely: “Books are for use; Every reader should be served his or her book; Every book should be helped to find its reader; Save the time of the reader; A library is a growing organism” (pp. 336-337, 382). The book was so well-praised after its 1931 publication that one British contemporary openly confessed, “truthfully,” these laws “should be the guiding principles of librarians everywhere” (as cited in Sharma, 1979, p. 63).

The life and works of Ranganathan, as well as the research inspired by the Five Laws, were so interesting that my first draft of my paper was nine pages and needed significant editing and condensing to meet the seven-page maximum. Below are the top 4 things I found most interesting based on my research into a fascinating man; most are excerpts or abridgements of the text of my paper.  

  1. At a Korean seminar internationally commemorating the 80th anniversary of the five laws, Dr. B. Ramesh Babu (2011) referenced the work of a researcher showing the Five Laws have been loosely transferred out of the world of library science and adapted, in homage apparently, into such categories as railways as public utilities, public administration, jurisprudence, religion, and society (pp. 264-265).
  2. From the viewpoint of public librarianship, Holt (2010) spent a great deal of time ironically expounding upon the fourth law: saving the user’s time is “the most valuable gift that libraries could give to their constituents,” especially since time as a modern concept is “a precious commodity” (p. 75), and pointed out that the fourth law was written as a “service command, an imperative” (p. 66).
  3. As an academic librarian, a professor of library science, and arguably an enthusiastic library aficionado, S. R. Ranganathan lived, worked, and taught with “only one goal in mind: to improve libraries and to extend library service to the public” (Sharma, 1979, p. 58).
  4. Standing alongside many from 1931 onward, one reference librarian equated the timelessness of Ranganathan’s laws to the golden rule of mutual respect, enduring family traditions, the quintessential little black dress with sophisticated string of pearls (Rimland, 2007, p. 24). Neither the classic views and items of Rimland’s comparison, nor the five laws themselves, have lost their luster with the passing nine decades.

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

References

Babu, R. B. (2011). Relevance of five laws of library science in the contemporary library world. Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science, 45(4), 253-269. Retrieved from http://journal.kci.go.kr/kslis/archive/articleView?artiId=ART001605574

Holt, G. (2010). Saving time: Ranganathan and the librarian as teacher. Public Library Quarterly, 29(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616840903563024

Ranganathan, S. R. (1931). The five laws of library science [PDF]. Madras Library Association. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b99721 

Rimland, E. (2007). Ranganathan’s relevant rules. Reference & User Services Quarterly, 46(4), 24–26. Mitchell, W. B. (2008). Reflections on academic libraries in the 21st century. Journal of Access Services, 5(1–2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15367960802197509

Sharma, R. N. (1979). S. R. Ranganathan: A personal tribute. The Journal of Library History (1974-1987), 14(1), 58–72.

Satyanarayana, R. (2015). Library profession and Dr. Ranganathan. Annals of Library & Information Studies, 62(4), 203–207. 

Musings on Intellectual Freedom in Libraries

“A truly great library contains something in it to offend everyone.” ~ Mary Jo Godwin

Salutations!

The above quotation is commonly attributed to Mary Jo Godwin, a former Wilson Library Bulletin editor, and the passage regardless of origin featured prominently in a discussion on intellectual freedom during my INFO 5000 Introduction to Information Professions in Fall 2022; during one week’s assignments, we were asked to describe any experiences we had with censorship, a task which really made me look at my own actions under a microscope.

During my last year of elementary teaching, one of our K-12 library department meetings focused on the reconsideration policy our district had in place since a highly conservative parents’ group had challenged a handful of books in our middle and high school collections due to explicit language (both anatomical vocabulary and profanity) and thematic elements involving… um… shall we say politely “teen physical relations?” The librarians at the schools influenced by this news were told by our department head (one of the high school librarians) to keep the items on the circulating shelves without alluding to the current issues some individuals and families were having to those specific titles. In their initial complaint, the group provided a completely copied and pasted document of all the “spicy” bits of the books with page number citations taken completely out of context, sometimes even a single sentence pulled into the compilation that had one mildly profane word. Per our district policies, the representative of the complaint was provided with a printed packet by our department head containing the board-approved reconsideration request form to be completed and returned, our district’s reconsideration and collection development policies, the ALA Bill of Rights, the Freedom to Read Statement, the Code of Ethics, which was never completed and submitted back to the library media specialist of the school where the complaint was originally filed. If it had, a committee would have been assembled of librarians, teachers, and administrators at the building and district levels to read the materials in question and decide whether they needed to be restricted in open access or removed from the collections. Interestingly, all of these documents my old distinct included were listed as essential to public library packets for patrons lodging formal complaints with library materials, displays, or programs in a recent presentation on library challenges at a recent all-staff development day at my present library, given only when requested by a patron from our director.

One of my other schools, by their traditionally-expected addition of Accelerated Reader information on each book via shelf-ready materials purchased from specific vendors, essentially demanded I engage in an ALA-frowned-upon labeling system, which was an instance of my school theoretically “[assuming] that the library [media center I was managing had] the institutional wisdom to decide what [was] appropriate or not appropriate for users to access; such decisions should [have been] placed in the [student users,] not the library” (Rubin & Rubin, 2020, p. 525). Rubin and Rubin cite ALA’s interpretation of the First Amendment to include specifically “ ‘organizing collections by reading management program level, ability, grade, or age level is another example of restricted access’ and fails to consider the reading abilities of many library users” (p. 518). I can’t remember the multiple times a child was denied a book I encouraged him or her to borrow by the classroom teacher because it was above or below the child’s current AR level! Those level/quiz information sticks on the covers and the color dots on the sides where the ban of my existence. I would book talk titles of interest to some kiddos only to be faced with them saying “but it’s not a blue dot” or “it’s not my level.”

Thus far in my 6+ years actively in school library media centers and my current employment public library, I have not been personally offended or made uncomfortable by specific materials or programming to the point of filing any formal complaints, as I feel I adequately exercise my ability to separate my professional responsibilities from my personal beliefs on potentially controversial topics. Admittedly though, I have requested my Children’s department supervisor move the majority of the Anne of Green Gables series by L. M. Montgomery, especially the fifth book Anne’s House of Dreams to the Teen collection upstairs, since the series grows up with Anne into her late adulthood and being the mother of 6 children, just like one would expect of the first installment being published in 1908 (L. M. Montgomery Online, 2022a) intended ultimately, I believe, for a readership that would age along with the young literary heroine until the last novel published in 1921, featuring Anne’s fifteen-year-old daughter, Rilla, in the eighth book (L. M. Montgomery Online, 2022b). In Anne’s House of Dreams, particularly, I am well-acquainted with the situation that is extremely sad and perplexing on many levels from at least two reads of the series, which I won’t divulge, lest I spoil the plot arch for Anne fans who haven’t got that far in the series. This did not come from a place of offense or wanting to restrict individuals’ access to one of my most beloved series; I was merely uncomfortable about a sensitive child or multi-age family reading together flying through the series enamored of fourteen-year-old Anne, as I was in early high school when I was first introduced to her, and being potentially (in worst case scenario) traumatized by what happens to Anne and her baby. Having never read the series, my supervisor, completely unaware of the potentially troubling plot intricacies after Anne married, agreed with me on their transfer, yet the copies were still listed as being in the Children’s department on our OPAC and have seemed to disappear from our shelves without a trace before reaching the Teen shelves upstairs when I last checked several months ago. I now see my request might actually, and unwittingly on my part, fall under the umbrella of a challenge with my expected outcome being the transference of the books to another department within the library (K. Chisum, personal communication, November 9, 2022), yet no one has corroborated my suspicion or taken me to task for the so-called incident.

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

References: L. M. Montgomery Online. (2022a, January 22). Anne of green gables. https://lmmonline.org/anne-of-green-gables/

L. M. Montgomery Online. (2022b, October 31). Rilla of ingleside. https://lmmonline.org/rilla-of-ingleside/

Rubin, R. E. & Rubin, R. G. (2020). Foundations of library and information science (5th ed.). ALA Neal-Schuman.

Why am I in LIS?

Salutations!

One of the discussion board prompts for my INFO 5000 Introduction to Information Professions in Fall 2022 asked the question: Why am I in LIS [library and information science]? The answer was massaged from some of what I wrote in my reader autobiography for another class, which has been linked in a previous post. Below is the “readers’ digest” version, if you will.

Out of all the possible occupations/vocations in all the world, I had to walk into library information science [LIS]. Yes, I totally turned that first sentence into a nod to Casablanca, one of my dad’s favorite classic films. As some might remember from reading my introductory post, I chose Clarion’s online MSLIS program because my first master’s program in library media education was not ALA-accredited. Having spent 6 years as an elementary library media specialist, I find I am so much happier, so much more peaceful, and honestly have much better emotional well-being, in my present part-time position at my local public library. 

How I came to be interested in LIS can be traced all the way back to my baby-hood. I jokingly affirm with confidence that Syd Hoff’s character “Danny” discovered a dinosaur in 1958 and an infant librarian in the 1990s. My mom likes to tell the following “Danny” story during family “remember when” gabfests as a humorous “should’ve known she’d be a librarian” kind of tale, shaking her head with a fond smile at me. I’d request Syd Hoff’s Danny and the Dinosaur be read aloud to me by my parents, grandparents, and any of our family and friends who came to visit so much that Mom told me they took to hiding it around the house to get me interested in other stories and activities. Inevitably, Danny and the Dinosaur would resurface to be lovingly read…again. I have a dim recollection of finding it under a cushion of the family room couch or at least I remember that bit of the family tale.

Deep down, even when I couldn’t articulate it, I have always believed God blessed me with my love of books to share with others. He gave me a curiosity about famous people and faraway places, worlds within well-written novels, a thirst for information typically quenched by well-researched answers, and a respect for how books can be little puzzle pieces from bygone times by illuminating tidbits of history. “Librarian” checks those boxes quite well when trying to find an occupation that fits all my interests and talents. After completing this MSLIS, I look forward to all the different positions in different avenues of library and information science that will be available to me in different places all over the country and in some of my favorite international countries.

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

Bits and Bobs of Library History

Salutations!

Going back through some old discussion board posts, I found that my INFO 5000 Introduction of Information Professions in Fall 2022 really opened my eyes to all that is within this varied world of library-ness. Below are the highlights from a historical examination of libraries that were quite interesting or unknown to me at the time. There were so many intriguing bits and bobs highlighted by Rubin and Rubin (2020) in Foundations of Library and Information Science that I am tempted to make an outline or two for some historical fiction I want to write someday centered on female librarians throughout history, such as what it must have been like to work in a special library in the 1920s learning to use microfilm as new technology (p. 41). My Top 3 new-to-me, curious, and/or surprising things from Chapter 2 are the Alexandrian Library in Egypt, the illuminated manuscripts of Scriptures in the Middle Ages, and the social libraries that went West.

I was first intrigued that the Alexandrian seems to be the historically and scholastically agreed-upon “first institution to embody the idea of systematically organized, collaborative, encyclopedic research” (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, p. 26). Honestly, I was floored to learn that the Library in Alexandria, Egypt — that iconic, legendary library, of which memes exist in droves it seems — was actually the brainchild of Greek military leaders wanting Alexandria to be the cultural hub for their empire. Previously, I had always assumed one Egyptian dynasty came up with the idea as a means by which to record the history of the world power known as Egypt and their daily life routines and belief systems up to that current reign with subsequent rulers merely adding to the growing body of knowledge. I also appreciated the fact that the Museum/Library as a combined institution housed together was focused on bringing to light all the world’s knowledge at the time into one physical place, so it would ambitiously “be a ‘universal’ library that promoted Greek language” while also including “Near Eastern traditions, including some of the great works of the Jews” (Rubin & Rubin, p. 27). However, I do not approve of the aggressive collection methods which saw fit to confiscate original on incoming trade ships for the purposes of copying them, only to return the copies back to their owners! I found the inclusion of systematic author and subject cataloging within the acquisition and processing details given by Rubin and Rubin’s citation of Wilson’s 1980 work to be interesting, and I especially enjoyed the mention of their ongoing conservation program (pp. 26-27). 

Secondly, not exactly having to do with the roles or functions of libraries as used by people per say, I relished the inclusion of illuminated manuscripts produced during the Middle Ages in monastic libraries. Any illuminated manuscripts of Scriptures have always fascinated me, especially those I saw during my visit to the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C. last year. When thinking about the monks pouring over pages and ink for hours to result in these works of art, I definitely see the reverential intention to “reveal the beauty of God,” since I am a devout Christian myself, and understand that the mostly meticulous work “reflected the copyist’s realization that he was representing sacred words from Scripture” (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, p. 33). I found it amusing and encouraging that Clanchy’s 1979 work is quoted as mentioning the fact that visible use and display of these illuminated manuscripts “might have also been  inspirational to the laity and might have even served as an early incentive for literacy” (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, p. 33). Sometimes, seeing someone else with the book you want to understand is all it takes for you to do whatever you have to so you can access what that book has to offer.

Thirdly, I will always have a soft spot in my heart for the Westward Expansion period, thanks to a happy childhood reveling in the works and world of Laura Ingalls Wilder, so I perked up a bit when reading migrants West “took the social library model with them, which resulted in a wide variety of libraries — YMCA libraries, agricultural libraries, ‘ladies’ club,’ mechanics’ and mercantile libraries — all developed to meet the special interests of their particular constituencies” (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, p. 39). The entire concept of the social library was completely new to me. Previously, I had always considered all libraries, even if it was merely a physical location where small, select groups of people seemingly swapped purchased books routinely, would be free to any individual who wished to use the materials offered within said library spaces. If I have connected the dots properly regarding the progression, I understand social libraries to be an interesting precursor to circulating libraries, which, in turn, fostered public libraries as we know them today. I enjoyed the directory of various social libraries established after settlers moved into the wilds of the West, especially the ladies’ club libraries and the mercantile libraries. Who knew shopkeepers and general store owners needed their own specialized little libraries in territories past the Mississippi River and Rockies Mountains? I hadn’t considered it before, and similarly found, in the previous section documenting the types of 1876 libraries, the inclusion of saloon reading rooms, sewing circle libraries, and railroad libraries (as cited in Rubin & Rubin, p. 38) to all be amusing and thought-provoking from an author’s standpoint. For example, were the railroad libraries about railroads and equipment maintenance or was it for travelers to “take a book, leave a book” from stop to stop when riding the rails? Did sewing circle libraries branch out topically to include knitting? What items were available and used in the saloon reading rooms?

RLGing,

Sarah Hope

Reference: Rubin, R. E. & Rubin, R. G. (2020). Foundations of library and information science (5th ed.). ALA Neal-Schuman.